DESPITE the imperfections of fossils as a record of the various stages of life on the earth (there are long periods of time and large areas of former land and sea that still remain unknown by fossils), much has been learned that is not only of interest to the scientist, but to the man-in-the-street. In this talk, the second of Sir Arthur Smith Woodward 's contributions to the series, he will carry on the story of fossil-study, some of his examples including observations among fishes, extinct flying reptiles, horses, deer, and elephants.