2/2. Visits to Ephesus, Istanbul, Rome, France and Germany help Boris to see how the Roman Empire fostered a sense of common identity among its vast population, many of whom wallowed in luxury, and perpetuated the cult of the Emperor. It lasted for over 400 years in western Europe, but what can we learn from the Empire's decline and fall in relation to today's bureaucracy and expansion of the European Union? Producers Francis Hanly and David Jeffcock ; Executive producers Charles Brand and Lucy Hetherington