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BBC Radio 3 is a radio channel that started transmitting on the 30th September 1967. It replaced Third Programme.

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Sunday Feature: Grid

Factual: Arts, Culture & the Media

Grid

BBC Radio 3 - Sunday Feature, Grid

Exploring the grid as the great hidden idea behind modernism, art, music and urban design.

A feature exploring the grid as the great hidden idea behind modernism, art, music and urban design.

In essence nothing more than the repeated intersection of horizontal and vertical lines, this feature explores the grid as the great hidden device behind art, architecture and urban design, of the musical score - an emblem of modernism and a perceptual model for the digital age.

Drawing on a wide range of disciplines, this feature explores the grid on multiple levels - as concept, as lived reality and art, from navigating the Manhattan street plan to its unfolding across the surface of a painting; its use in the visual representation of music, between stave and note (explicitly in so-called 'graphic' scores) to its presence in political thought and the geometry of the modern metropolis. The grid has been described as a checkpoint of modernism in the 20th century, a contemporary perceptual tool for understanding the flow of information in the present. 

This programme flows between these hidden forms and explicit uses of the grid in a way that reflects the subject, allowing the whole to develop a bit like the drawing of a map: the grid as an idea that lies behind the everyday, that informs the way we move, read, see, interpret information and navigate the world, at once physical and virtual. But sometimes it's celebrated outright - once a year crowds gather in New York along the city's principle avenues to cheer 'Manhattan-henge', the moment when the trajectory of the setting sun aligns perfectly, and spectacularly, with the city grid.

There are political dimensions to this story too. The grid is a hidden form of order behind spontaneity, a key organisational device - simple, repetitive and austere but also perhaps consoling in times of political chaos. Mapped grids and city grid plans flourished in the West following the foundation of republics; in painting, during the period leading up to and immediately after the First World War. In city planning in particular the grid represented a set of Utopian choices. In the United States it was tied to mapping on a mass scale, the Jeffersonian gridding of North America, and a positive rejection of the European city model of tangled streets and random circles. The abstract grid would underpin a new civic order, rational and democratic - it has no centre, it belongs to Everyman. 

The programme explores the idea that the grid can be invisible or visible, not only a hidden idea or tool but for artists like Piet Mondrian spiritually satisfying in its own right, its simple geometry in theory infinite, extending beyond the limits of the canvas. Talking about the psychological power of grids in modern painting, art historian Rosalind Krauss pointed out that their appeal is based on a rejection of the chaos and the unpredictability we find in nature: 'The grid turns its back on nature. Flattened, geometric, ordered, it is anti-natural... It is an aesthetic decree.' The grid also joins architecture and music, not only in the geometric scores of modern composers like Iannis Xenakis or Morton Feldman but throughout the history of music notation, from the Medieval period onward. It's now the basis for music composition in the digital domain. Today the proliferating networks of the web and production of virtual knowledge have prompted some to argue we're in the middle of a new emergent grid, shaping the world in its image, synonymous with public space. 

Moving across fields and practices, this feature shows the power of a very simple idea - so simple and powerful, in fact, it is often (almost) invisible. Contributors are drawn from art history and art practice, music composition, architecture and urban design, typography and modern political thought. 

Producer: Simon Hollis

A Brook Lapping Production for BBC Radio 3.

Live music and the arts: broadcasts more live music than any other radio network. Classical music is its core. Genres include world and new music, jazz, speech and drama.

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