'It's like coming into a room where there's cigar smoke without a cigar the room hasn't been the same for all eternity '. One of the strongest pieces of evidence against the ' Steady State' theory - a theory suggesting that the Universe has always been the same - was provided in 1965 by the discovery of radiation that seems to come equally from every direction in the sky.
Dr Arno Penzlas , who with Dr Robert Wilson received the 1978 Nobel Prize for this work, talks to John Maddox about the discovery.
Producer GEOFF deeuan